LCOV - differential code coverage report
Current view: top level - src/include/common - hashfn_unstable.h (source / functions) Coverage Total Hit UBC CBC
Current: c70b6db34ffeab48beef1fb4ce61bcad3772b8dd vs 06473f5a344df8c9594ead90a609b86f6724cff8 Lines: 98.9 % 93 92 1 92
Current Date: 2025-09-06 07:49:51 +0900 Functions: 100.0 % 13 13 13
Baseline: lcov-20250906-005545-baseline Branches: 80.0 % 30 24 6 24
Baseline Date: 2025-09-05 08:21:35 +0100 Line coverage date bins:
Legend: Lines:     hit not hit
Branches: + taken - not taken # not executed
(30,360] days: 100.0 % 3 3 3
(360..) days: 98.9 % 90 89 1 89
Function coverage date bins:
(360..) days: 100.0 % 13 13 13
Branch coverage date bins:
(360..) days: 80.0 % 30 24 6 24

 Age         Owner                    Branch data    TLA  Line data    Source code
                                  1                 :                : /*
                                  2                 :                :  * hashfn_unstable.h
                                  3                 :                :  *
                                  4                 :                :  * Building blocks for creating fast inlineable hash functions. The
                                  5                 :                :  * functions in this file are not guaranteed to be stable between versions,
                                  6                 :                :  * and may differ by hardware platform. Hence they must not be used in
                                  7                 :                :  * indexes or other on-disk structures. See hashfn.h if you need stability.
                                  8                 :                :  *
                                  9                 :                :  *
                                 10                 :                :  * Portions Copyright (c) 2024-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
                                 11                 :                :  *
                                 12                 :                :  * src/include/common/hashfn_unstable.h
                                 13                 :                :  */
                                 14                 :                : #ifndef HASHFN_UNSTABLE_H
                                 15                 :                : #define HASHFN_UNSTABLE_H
                                 16                 :                : 
                                 17                 :                : 
                                 18                 :                : /*
                                 19                 :                :  * fasthash is a modification of code taken from
                                 20                 :                :  * https://code.google.com/archive/p/fast-hash/source/default/source
                                 21                 :                :  * under the terms of the MIT license. The original copyright
                                 22                 :                :  * notice follows:
                                 23                 :                :  */
                                 24                 :                : 
                                 25                 :                : /* The MIT License
                                 26                 :                : 
                                 27                 :                :    Copyright (C) 2012 Zilong Tan (eric.zltan@gmail.com)
                                 28                 :                : 
                                 29                 :                :    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
                                 30                 :                :    obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
                                 31                 :                :    files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
                                 32                 :                :    restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
                                 33                 :                :    modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
                                 34                 :                :    of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
                                 35                 :                :    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
                                 36                 :                : 
                                 37                 :                :    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
                                 38                 :                :    included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
                                 39                 :                : 
                                 40                 :                :    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
                                 41                 :                :    EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
                                 42                 :                :    MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
                                 43                 :                :    NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
                                 44                 :                :    BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
                                 45                 :                :    ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
                                 46                 :                :    CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
                                 47                 :                :    SOFTWARE.
                                 48                 :                : */
                                 49                 :                : 
                                 50                 :                : /*
                                 51                 :                :  * fasthash as implemented here has two interfaces:
                                 52                 :                :  *
                                 53                 :                :  * 1) Standalone functions, e.g. fasthash32() for a single value with a
                                 54                 :                :  * known length. These return the same hash code as the original, at
                                 55                 :                :  * least on little-endian machines.
                                 56                 :                :  *
                                 57                 :                :  * 2) Incremental interface. This can used for incorporating multiple
                                 58                 :                :  * inputs. First, initialize the hash state (here with a zero seed):
                                 59                 :                :  *
                                 60                 :                :  * fasthash_state hs;
                                 61                 :                :  * fasthash_init(&hs, 0);
                                 62                 :                :  *
                                 63                 :                :  * If the inputs are of types that can be trivially cast to uint64, it's
                                 64                 :                :  * sufficient to do:
                                 65                 :                :  *
                                 66                 :                :  * hs.accum = value1;
                                 67                 :                :  * fasthash_combine(&hs);
                                 68                 :                :  * hs.accum = value2;
                                 69                 :                :  * fasthash_combine(&hs);
                                 70                 :                :  * ...
                                 71                 :                :  *
                                 72                 :                :  * For longer or variable-length input, fasthash_accum() is a more
                                 73                 :                :  * flexible, but more verbose method. The standalone functions use this
                                 74                 :                :  * internally, so see fasthash64() for an example of this.
                                 75                 :                :  *
                                 76                 :                :  * After all inputs have been mixed in, finalize the hash:
                                 77                 :                :  *
                                 78                 :                :  * hashcode = fasthash_final32(&hs, 0);
                                 79                 :                :  *
                                 80                 :                :  * The incremental interface allows an optimization for NUL-terminated
                                 81                 :                :  * C strings:
                                 82                 :                :  *
                                 83                 :                :  * len = fasthash_accum_cstring(&hs, str);
                                 84                 :                :  * hashcode = fasthash_final32(&hs, len);
                                 85                 :                :  *
                                 86                 :                :  * By handling the terminator on-the-fly, we can avoid needing a strlen()
                                 87                 :                :  * call to tell us how many bytes to hash. Experimentation has found that
                                 88                 :                :  * SMHasher fails unless we incorporate the length, so it is passed to
                                 89                 :                :  * the finalizer as a tweak.
                                 90                 :                :  */
                                 91                 :                : 
                                 92                 :                : 
                                 93                 :                : typedef struct fasthash_state
                                 94                 :                : {
                                 95                 :                :     /* staging area for chunks of input */
                                 96                 :                :     uint64      accum;
                                 97                 :                : 
                                 98                 :                :     uint64      hash;
                                 99                 :                : } fasthash_state;
                                100                 :                : 
                                101                 :                : #define FH_SIZEOF_ACCUM sizeof(uint64)
                                102                 :                : 
                                103                 :                : 
                                104                 :                : /*
                                105                 :                :  * Initialize the hash state.
                                106                 :                :  *
                                107                 :                :  * 'seed' can be zero.
                                108                 :                :  */
                                109                 :                : static inline void
  594 john.naylor@postgres      110                 :CBC     6601917 : fasthash_init(fasthash_state *hs, uint64 seed)
                                111                 :                : {
  649                           112                 :        6601917 :     memset(hs, 0, sizeof(fasthash_state));
  594                           113                 :        6601917 :     hs->hash = seed ^ 0x880355f21e6d1965;
  649                           114                 :        6601917 : }
                                115                 :                : 
                                116                 :                : /* both the finalizer and part of the combining step */
                                117                 :                : static inline uint64
                                118                 :       20921729 : fasthash_mix(uint64 h, uint64 tweak)
                                119                 :                : {
                                120                 :       20921729 :     h ^= (h >> 23) + tweak;
                                121                 :       20921729 :     h *= 0x2127599bf4325c37;
                                122                 :       20921729 :     h ^= h >> 47;
                                123                 :       20921729 :     return h;
                                124                 :                : }
                                125                 :                : 
                                126                 :                : /* combine one chunk of input into the hash */
                                127                 :                : static inline void
                                128                 :       14319812 : fasthash_combine(fasthash_state *hs)
                                129                 :                : {
                                130                 :       14319812 :     hs->hash ^= fasthash_mix(hs->accum, 0);
                                131                 :       14319812 :     hs->hash *= 0x880355f21e6d1965;
                                132                 :       14319812 : }
                                133                 :                : 
                                134                 :                : /* accumulate up to 8 bytes of input and combine it into the hash */
                                135                 :                : static inline void
  576                           136                 :       19843864 : fasthash_accum(fasthash_state *hs, const char *k, size_t len)
                                137                 :                : {
                                138                 :                :     uint32      lower_four;
                                139                 :                : 
  649                           140         [ -  + ]:       19843864 :     Assert(len <= FH_SIZEOF_ACCUM);
  518                           141                 :       19843864 :     hs->accum = 0;
                                142                 :                : 
                                143                 :                :     /*
                                144                 :                :      * For consistency, bytewise loads must match the platform's endianness.
                                145                 :                :      */
                                146                 :                : #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
                                147                 :                :     switch (len)
                                148                 :                :     {
                                149                 :                :         case 8:
                                150                 :                :             memcpy(&hs->accum, k, 8);
                                151                 :                :             break;
                                152                 :                :         case 7:
                                153                 :                :             hs->accum |= (uint64) k[6] << 8;
                                154                 :                :             /* FALLTHROUGH */
                                155                 :                :         case 6:
                                156                 :                :             hs->accum |= (uint64) k[5] << 16;
                                157                 :                :             /* FALLTHROUGH */
                                158                 :                :         case 5:
                                159                 :                :             hs->accum |= (uint64) k[4] << 24;
                                160                 :                :             /* FALLTHROUGH */
                                161                 :                :         case 4:
                                162                 :                :             memcpy(&lower_four, k, sizeof(lower_four));
                                163                 :                :             hs->accum |= (uint64) lower_four << 32;
                                164                 :                :             break;
                                165                 :                :         case 3:
                                166                 :                :             hs->accum |= (uint64) k[2] << 40;
                                167                 :                :             /* FALLTHROUGH */
                                168                 :                :         case 2:
                                169                 :                :             hs->accum |= (uint64) k[1] << 48;
                                170                 :                :             /* FALLTHROUGH */
                                171                 :                :         case 1:
                                172                 :                :             hs->accum |= (uint64) k[0] << 56;
                                173                 :                :             break;
                                174                 :                :         case 0:
                                175                 :                :             return;
                                176                 :                :     }
                                177                 :                : #else
  649                           178   [ +  +  +  +  :       19843864 :     switch (len)
                                     +  +  +  +  +  
                                                 - ]
                                179                 :                :     {
                                180                 :       12793223 :         case 8:
                                181                 :       12793223 :             memcpy(&hs->accum, k, 8);
                                182                 :       12793223 :             break;
                                183                 :         206184 :         case 7:
                                184                 :         206184 :             hs->accum |= (uint64) k[6] << 48;
                                185                 :                :             /* FALLTHROUGH */
                                186                 :         267806 :         case 6:
                                187                 :         267806 :             hs->accum |= (uint64) k[5] << 40;
                                188                 :                :             /* FALLTHROUGH */
                                189                 :         270124 :         case 5:
                                190                 :         270124 :             hs->accum |= (uint64) k[4] << 32;
                                191                 :                :             /* FALLTHROUGH */
                                192                 :         458968 :         case 4:
                                193                 :         458968 :             memcpy(&lower_four, k, sizeof(lower_four));
                                194                 :         458968 :             hs->accum |= lower_four;
                                195                 :         458968 :             break;
                                196                 :         425638 :         case 3:
                                197                 :         425638 :             hs->accum |= (uint64) k[2] << 16;
                                198                 :                :             /* FALLTHROUGH */
                                199                 :         454974 :         case 2:
                                200                 :         454974 :             hs->accum |= (uint64) k[1] << 8;
                                201                 :                :             /* FALLTHROUGH */
                                202                 :         459132 :         case 1:
                                203                 :         459132 :             hs->accum |= (uint64) k[0];
                                204                 :         459132 :             break;
                                205                 :        6132541 :         case 0:
                                206                 :        6132541 :             return;
                                207                 :                :     }
                                208                 :                : #endif
                                209                 :                : 
                                210                 :       13711323 :     fasthash_combine(hs);
                                211                 :                : }
                                212                 :                : 
                                213                 :                : /*
                                214                 :                :  * Set high bit in lowest byte where the input is zero, from:
                                215                 :                :  * https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#ZeroInWord
                                216                 :                :  */
                                217                 :                : #define haszero64(v) \
                                218                 :                :     (((v) - 0x0101010101010101) & ~(v) & 0x8080808080808080)
                                219                 :                : 
                                220                 :                : /*
                                221                 :                :  * all-purpose workhorse for fasthash_accum_cstring
                                222                 :                :  */
                                223                 :                : static inline size_t
  599                           224                 :         938752 : fasthash_accum_cstring_unaligned(fasthash_state *hs, const char *str)
                                225                 :                : {
                                226                 :         938752 :     const char *const start = str;
                                227                 :                : 
                                228         [ +  + ]:        2384993 :     while (*str)
                                229                 :                :     {
  576                           230                 :        1446241 :         size_t      chunk_len = 0;
                                231                 :                : 
  599                           232   [ +  +  +  + ]:        9591099 :         while (chunk_len < FH_SIZEOF_ACCUM && str[chunk_len] != '\0')
                                233                 :        8144858 :             chunk_len++;
                                234                 :                : 
                                235                 :        1446241 :         fasthash_accum(hs, str, chunk_len);
                                236                 :        1446241 :         str += chunk_len;
                                237                 :                :     }
                                238                 :                : 
                                239                 :         938752 :     return str - start;
                                240                 :                : }
                                241                 :                : 
                                242                 :                : /*
                                243                 :                :  * specialized workhorse for fasthash_accum_cstring
                                244                 :                :  *
                                245                 :                :  * With an aligned pointer, we consume the string a word at a time.
                                246                 :                :  * Loading the word containing the NUL terminator cannot segfault since
                                247                 :                :  * allocation boundaries are suitably aligned. To keep from setting
                                248                 :                :  * off alarms with address sanitizers, exclude this function from
                                249                 :                :  * such testing.
                                250                 :                :  */
                                251                 :                : pg_attribute_no_sanitize_address()
                                252                 :                : static inline size_t
                                253                 :         469376 : fasthash_accum_cstring_aligned(fasthash_state *hs, const char *str)
                                254                 :                : {
                                255                 :         469376 :     const char *const start = str;
                                256                 :                :     size_t      remainder;
                                257                 :                :     uint64      zero_byte_low;
                                258                 :                : 
                                259         [ +  - ]:         469376 :     Assert(PointerIsAligned(start, uint64));
                                260                 :                : 
                                261                 :                :     /*
                                262                 :                :      * For every chunk of input, check for zero bytes before mixing into the
                                263                 :                :      * hash. The chunk with zeros must contain the NUL terminator.
                                264                 :                :      */
                                265                 :                :     for (;;)
                                266                 :         528141 :     {
  220                           267                 :         997517 :         uint64      chunk = *(uint64 *) str;
                                268                 :                : 
  578                           269                 :         997517 :         zero_byte_low = haszero64(chunk);
                                270         [ +  + ]:         997517 :         if (zero_byte_low)
  599                           271                 :         469376 :             break;
                                272                 :                : 
                                273                 :         528141 :         hs->accum = chunk;
                                274                 :         528141 :         fasthash_combine(hs);
                                275                 :         528141 :         str += FH_SIZEOF_ACCUM;
                                276                 :                :     }
                                277                 :                : 
                                278                 :                :     /* mix in remaining bytes */
  194                           279                 :         469376 :     remainder = fasthash_accum_cstring_unaligned(hs, str);
  220                           280                 :         469376 :     str += remainder;
                                281                 :                : 
  599                           282                 :         469376 :     return str - start;
                                283                 :                : }
                                284                 :                : 
                                285                 :                : /*
                                286                 :                :  * Mix 'str' into the hash state and return the length of the string.
                                287                 :                :  */
                                288                 :                : static inline size_t
                                289                 :         469376 : fasthash_accum_cstring(fasthash_state *hs, const char *str)
                                290                 :                : {
                                291                 :                : #if SIZEOF_VOID_P >= 8
                                292                 :                : 
                                293                 :                :     size_t      len;
                                294                 :                : #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
                                295                 :                :     size_t      len_check;
                                296                 :                :     fasthash_state hs_check;
                                297                 :                : 
                                298                 :         469376 :     memcpy(&hs_check, hs, sizeof(fasthash_state));
                                299                 :         469376 :     len_check = fasthash_accum_cstring_unaligned(&hs_check, str);
                                300                 :                : #endif
                                301         [ +  - ]:         469376 :     if (PointerIsAligned(str, uint64))
                                302                 :                :     {
                                303                 :         469376 :         len = fasthash_accum_cstring_aligned(hs, str);
  518                           304         [ -  + ]:         469376 :         Assert(len_check == len);
                                305         [ -  + ]:         469376 :         Assert(hs_check.hash == hs->hash);
  599                           306                 :         469376 :         return len;
                                307                 :                :     }
                                308                 :                : #endif                          /* SIZEOF_VOID_P */
                                309                 :                : 
                                310                 :                :     /*
                                311                 :                :      * It's not worth it to try to make the word-at-a-time optimization work
                                312                 :                :      * on 32-bit platforms.
                                313                 :                :      */
  599 john.naylor@postgres      314                 :UBC           0 :     return fasthash_accum_cstring_unaligned(hs, str);
                                315                 :                : }
                                316                 :                : 
                                317                 :                : /*
                                318                 :                :  * The finalizer
                                319                 :                :  *
                                320                 :                :  * 'tweak' is intended to be the input length when the caller doesn't know
                                321                 :                :  * the length ahead of time, such as for NUL-terminated strings, otherwise
                                322                 :                :  * zero.
                                323                 :                :  */
                                324                 :                : static inline uint64
  649 john.naylor@postgres      325                 :CBC     6601917 : fasthash_final64(fasthash_state *hs, uint64 tweak)
                                326                 :                : {
                                327                 :        6601917 :     return fasthash_mix(hs->hash, tweak);
                                328                 :                : }
                                329                 :                : 
                                330                 :                : /*
                                331                 :                :  * Reduce a 64-bit hash to a 32-bit hash.
                                332                 :                :  *
                                333                 :                :  * This optional step provides a bit more additional mixing compared to
                                334                 :                :  * just taking the lower 32-bits.
                                335                 :                :  */
                                336                 :                : static inline uint32
                                337                 :        6601917 : fasthash_reduce32(uint64 h)
                                338                 :                : {
                                339                 :                :     /*
                                340                 :                :      * Convert the 64-bit hashcode to Fermat residue, which shall retain
                                341                 :                :      * information from both the higher and lower parts of hashcode.
                                342                 :                :      */
                                343                 :        6601917 :     return h - (h >> 32);
                                344                 :                : }
                                345                 :                : 
                                346                 :                : /* finalize and reduce */
                                347                 :                : static inline uint32
                                348                 :         469376 : fasthash_final32(fasthash_state *hs, uint64 tweak)
                                349                 :                : {
                                350                 :         469376 :     return fasthash_reduce32(fasthash_final64(hs, tweak));
                                351                 :                : }
                                352                 :                : 
                                353                 :                : /*
                                354                 :                :  * The original fasthash64 function, re-implemented using the incremental
                                355                 :                :  * interface. Returns a 64-bit hashcode. 'len' controls not only how
                                356                 :                :  * many bytes to hash, but also modifies the internal seed.
                                357                 :                :  * 'seed' can be zero.
                                358                 :                :  */
                                359                 :                : static inline uint64
  576                           360                 :        6132541 : fasthash64(const char *k, size_t len, uint64 seed)
                                361                 :                : {
                                362                 :                :     fasthash_state hs;
                                363                 :                : 
  594                           364                 :        6132541 :     fasthash_init(&hs, 0);
                                365                 :                : 
                                366                 :                :     /* re-initialize the seed according to input length */
                                367                 :        6132541 :     hs.hash = seed ^ (len * 0x880355f21e6d1965);
                                368                 :                : 
  649                           369         [ +  + ]:       18397623 :     while (len >= FH_SIZEOF_ACCUM)
                                370                 :                :     {
                                371                 :       12265082 :         fasthash_accum(&hs, k, FH_SIZEOF_ACCUM);
                                372                 :       12265082 :         k += FH_SIZEOF_ACCUM;
                                373                 :       12265082 :         len -= FH_SIZEOF_ACCUM;
                                374                 :                :     }
                                375                 :                : 
                                376                 :        6132541 :     fasthash_accum(&hs, k, len);
                                377                 :        6132541 :     return fasthash_final64(&hs, 0);
                                378                 :                : }
                                379                 :                : 
                                380                 :                : /* like fasthash64, but returns a 32-bit hashcode */
                                381                 :                : static inline uint32
  576                           382                 :        6132541 : fasthash32(const char *k, size_t len, uint64 seed)
                                383                 :                : {
  649                           384                 :        6132541 :     return fasthash_reduce32(fasthash64(k, len, seed));
                                385                 :                : }
                                386                 :                : 
                                387                 :                : /*
                                388                 :                :  * Convenience function for hashing NUL-terminated strings
                                389                 :                :  */
                                390                 :                : static inline uint32
  518                           391                 :         389028 : hash_string(const char *s)
                                392                 :                : {
                                393                 :                :     fasthash_state hs;
                                394                 :                :     size_t      s_len;
                                395                 :                : 
                                396                 :         389028 :     fasthash_init(&hs, 0);
                                397                 :                : 
                                398                 :                :     /*
                                399                 :                :      * Combine string into the hash and save the length for tweaking the final
                                400                 :                :      * mix.
                                401                 :                :      */
                                402                 :         389028 :     s_len = fasthash_accum_cstring(&hs, s);
                                403                 :                : 
                                404                 :         389028 :     return fasthash_final32(&hs, s_len);
                                405                 :                : }
                                406                 :                : 
                                407                 :                : #endif                          /* HASHFN_UNSTABLE_H */
        

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